Category: Veterinary Pathology

Some important Equine Viral Diseases are African Horse Sickness, Equine Adenovirus Infection, Equine Coital Exanthema, Equine Encephalomyelitis, Equine  Infectious Anaemia, Equine Influenza, Equine Viral Arteritis, Rotavirus Infection.
African horse sickness is an arthropod-borne, viral disease which is manifested in a severe highly fatal form as well as chronic and mild forms.
Equine adenoviruses are found in the upper respiratory tract of many horses worldwide.
Equine Encephalomyelitis (Equine encephalitis) is usually a benign, venereal, viral disease, which occurs mainly during the breeding season.
Equine encephalitis is also caused by a bornavirus (Bornaviridae), the flaviviruses (Flaviviridae), West Nile virus and Japanese encephalitis virus.
Equine infectious anemia (EIA) is a persistent viral disease varying widely in severity from subclinical to life threatening.
Equine influenza is an acute, highly contagious, rapidly spreading viral infection of the respiratory tract of horses and donkeys.
Equine Viral Arteritis (Pink eye) is a highly contagious, systemic, viral disease of equids, which is frequently accompanied by abortion.
Rotavirus has been incriminated as a cause of enteritis and diarrhea in foals less than three months of age.
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Canine distemper is an infectious highly contagious, common, serious systemic viral disease of dogs caused by a morbilli virus and characterized by diphasic (biphasic) fever, catarrhal and purulent exudate in nasal mucosa, purulent bronchopneumonia, and vesicular/pustular dermatitis and neurological complications.
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Canine parvoviral infection is caused by Canine Parvovirus of Parvoviridae family. Parvovirus causes acute gastroenteritis in dogs characterized by necrotizing enteritis, Fever (104 – 106°F), Diarrhoea, dysentery with melena, Dehydration, Vomition and myocardial necrosis.
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Rabies is an acute viral encephalomyelitis infection in man and warm blooded animal which is caused by Rabies virus (it is a bullet shape, RNA genome, neurotropic Lyssa virus serotype1 of the family Rhabdoviridae) and characterized by signs of abnormal behaviour, nervous disturbances such as increased excitability and irritability, impairment of consciousness, ascending paralysis and death.
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Infectious canine hepatitis is an infectious viral disease of dogs caused by adenovirus characterized by necrotic lesions in liver and intra nuclear inclusions in hepatocytes. Etiology is Mastadenovirus of adenoviridae family and characterized by Fever (104 – 106°F), Vomiting, diarrhoea, Icterus and Conjunctivitis.
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Calf scour is caused by Escheria coli. There are lots of serovars of the bacteria. K99+ is one of the important serotype causing calf scour. Improper feeding, high fat containing diet, colostrum deprivation, overcrowding, improper housing, bad hygiene and weather, physical and nutritional stress and status of the dam are some of the predisposing factors. Enterotoxic effect: enterotoxin action, Enterotoxaemic effect: toxin absorbed by intestine and acts elsewhere, Septicemiac form:  extra intestinal location of the toxin.
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Tuberculosis is an infectious, granulomatous disease caused by acid-fast bacilli of the genus TB is chronic, debilitating disease, TB affects practically all species of vertebrates and it is a Zoonotic disease.
Johne’s diseases is a chronic, fatal, infectious, granulomatous enteritis of ruminants with longer incubation period up to two years. JD is characterized by chronic diarrhoea and progressive emaciation. Also known as Paratuberculosis in ruminants.
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Strangles is also known as “adenitis equorum” and “distemper”. It is an upper respiratory tract infection accompanied by purulent adenitis of horses caused by Streptococcus equi. An obligate parasite of horses which rarely affect other animal. Most common in young horses.
Purpura Haemorrhagica is characterized by red spots on skin and mucous membranes (such as the gums) caused by bleeding from the small blood vessels under the skin, along with swelling (oedema) of the limbs and around the head. It occurs sporadically and is more common in younger animals. It is often fatal.
Streptococcal mastitis is caused by Streptococcus agalactiae, S. dysagalactiae, and uberis main pathogen in streptococcal mastitis. It is contagious disease of cattle. Obligate parasite of bovine mammary gland. Transmitted from cow to cow by means of milker’s hands or contaminated milking equipment.
Cervical lymphadenitis of pigs is also known as swine strangles and jowl abscess occur in the lymphnodes of pigs. Caused by Streptococcus porcinus. Haemetogenous spread occurs causing abscess in other parts of body or streptococcal endocarditis or meningitis.
Streptococcal meningitis in pigs is a specific infection of young pigs caused by Streptococcus suis. Infection may be subclinical or result in pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis. Septicaemia may develop with localization of the organism in the meninges and joints. This lead to fibrinopurulent meningitis and polyarthritis.
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Listeriosis is an infectious diseases caused by pathogenic strains of Listeria and characterized by encephalitis, septicemia and abortion. The disease is potentially fatal in humans and animals including birds. Listeriosis occurs as both sporadic as well as epidemic.
Leptospirosis is an infectious diseases caused by pathogenic strains of Leptospira and characterized by abortion, milk drop, hemoglobinuria, fever, jaundice and death.
Caseous lymphadenitis is a chronic diseases of sheep and goat caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and characterized by the formation of abscesses in lymph nodes.
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Leptospirosis is a potentially deadly disease, is caused by the the spirochete Leptospira. Leptospirosis affects both humans and animals. Typical symptoms fever, Headaches, Chills, sore muscles, vomiting, jaundice, red eyes, abdominal pain, diarrhea or rashes.
Potentially leading to Kidney damage, meningitis, liver failure, and respiratory problems. Leptospirosis is typically contracted by humans through water, food, or urine contact with an infected animal. Leptospirosis through contact with dogs and rats and also enters through bare foot.
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