Category: Veterinary Pathology

Haemorrhagic septicemia is also known as, “Septicemic pasteurellosis” and “Barbone”. Acute infection of cattle, buffalloes, sheep and goats. It is caused by Pasteurella multocida serotype B and occasionally D and E. The disease mainly occur during the rainy season and causing morbidity and mortality between 50-100%.
In experimental infections with lethal doses, cattle or buffalo develop clinical signs within a few hours and die within 18 to 30 hours. In natural infections, the incubation period is usually 1–3 days but some animals can carry the organism for varying periods without symptoms.
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Black’s disease is essentially an intoxication caused by Clostridium chauvoeiand Clostridium novyi produced by exotoxins, and its development requires a combination of circumstances. Occurs in sheep and cattle (1-2 year), rare in pigs with fluke infestation.
Malignant edema is acute noncontagious disease cause by Clostridium Septicum characterized by severe intoxication, fever, inflammatory edema and subcutaneous swelling in the infected muscles become deep red (dark) and bloody gelatinous fluid accumulation in the body cavities, not noted with Clostridium chauvoei In sheep, in which the disease is named Braxy, Clostridium septicum invades the mucosa and submucosa of the abomasum, by eating frozen food where it multiplies, producing toxin that leads to sudden death.
Bacillary haemoglobinuria is an acute, contagious, toxaemic disease caused by Clostridiumhaemolyticum (Clostridium novyi type D). It affects primarily cattle but has also been found in sheep and rarely in dogs.
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Brucellosis caused by brucella canis uveitis, abortion, and orchitis in dogs.
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease caused by a spirochaete. Symptoms include liver and kidney failure and vasculitis.
Lyme disease is a disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochaete, and spread by ticks of the genus Ixodes. Symptoms in dogs include acute arthritis, anorexia and lethargy. There is no rash as is typically seen in humans.
Clostridium species are a potential cause of diarrheoa in dogs, associated species include Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile.
Kennel cough is an infectious respiratory disease which can be caused by one of several viruses or by Bordetella bronchiseptica causing tracheo-bronchitis.
Ehrlichiosis is a disease caused by Ehrlichia canis and spread by the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineous. Signs include fever, vasculitis, and low blood counts.
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a rickettsial disease that occurs in dogs and humans. It is caused by Rickettsia rickettsii and spread by ticks of the genus Dermacentor. Signs are similar to human disease, including anorexia, fever, and thrombocytopenia.
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Brucellosis is an infectious bacterial disease of animals caused by Brucella And characterized by abortion in late gestation and formation of granulamatous lesions in genital organs, joints and fetal liver. It is a zoonotic disease. It causes human diseases named as Malta Fever, Undulant Fever, Mediterranean Fever, Rock Fever of Gibraltar and Gastric Fever. In animals it causes diseases named as Bang’s Disease, Enzootic Abortion, Epizootic Abortion, Slinking of Calves, Ram Epididymitis and Contagious Abortion.
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Black quarter is an acute infectious disease of cattle and sheep manifested by severe inflammation of the muscle with high mortality. It is caused by Clostridium chauvoei. The organisms of blackleg are most commonly found in the soil and intestinal tract of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants. In sheep the agent is transmitted through wounds at shearing, docking and castration and during lambing in ewes.
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Anthrax is also known as Malignant Pustule, Malignant Edema, Woolsorters’ Disease, Ragpickers’ Disease, Maladi Charbon, Splenic Fever. The word come from the Greek word anthrakos for coal and caused by B. anthracis. Primarily a disease of domesticated and wild animals. It is a zoonotic disease.
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The word Actinomyces means “ray fungus,” and reflects the general belief at the time that the organism was a fungus. The organism was first isolated from humans in 1891, when Wolff and Israel reported culturing it anaerobically growing only at body temperature. In the 1960s, Waksman concluded that Actinomyces was actually a gram-positive bacteria.
Actinomyces bovis causes lumpy jaw in cattle. Actinomyces israelii is primarily associated with chronic granulomatous infections in humans, but has also been isolated rarely from pyogranulomatous lesions in pigs and cattle.
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Actinobacillosis is a disease of cattle caused by Actinobacillus and characterized by granulomatous lesions in tongue, lymph nodes. This is also known as wooden tongue.
Actinomycosis is a disease of cattle, buffaloes and camels caused by Actinomyces and characterized by suppurative osteomyelitis of mandible and Miliary nodules in lungs. This is also known as lumpy jaw.
Botulism is disease in which toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum (Anaerobic, gram positive, rod-shaped bacteria). Create spores that can remain dormant for 30 years or more. Spores extremely resistant to environmental stressors, such as heat and UV light.
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