A fracture is a complete or incomplete break in the continuity of bone or cartilage. A fracture is accompanied by various degrees of injury to the surrounding soft tissues, including blood supply, and by compromised function of the locomotor system. It is always accompanied by soft tissue damage of varying degrees, there are torn vessels, bruised muscles, lacerated periosteum and contused nerves. Sometimes there are injured internal organs and lacerated skin. The trauma to soft tissue must always be taken into consideration and is more important than the fracture itself. ....
Category: Veterinary Surgery and Radiology
Equine recurrent uveitis
The uvea is the vascular middle layer of the eye. It is traditionally divided into three areas, from front to back, the Iris, Ciliary body and Choroid. In addition some uveal regions have special functions of great importance, including secretion of the aqueous humour by the ciliary processes, control of accommodation (focus) by the ciliary body, and optimisation of retinal illumination by the iris’s control over the pupil. Many of these functions are under the control of the autonomic nervous system. ....
Corneal Melanosis
Corneal melanosis is frequently called corneal pigmentation or pigmentary keratitis. Corneal melanosis is merely a sign of chronic corneal irritation that may arise from any number of causes, each with a different treatment and prognosis. Melanin is deposited in the corneal epithelium and sometimes the anterior stroma and originates from migration of normal limbal melanocytes. ....
Eyeworm in horses
Ocular Setariosis is caused by the erratic migration of immature larvae of setaria digitata and setaria equi. Lacrymation, conjunctivitis, cloudiness of the cornea, corneal opacity are clinical signs. Photophobia may also be seen. Same type lesion is also found in Thelazia infection of the eye but in that case the worms are found in conjunctival sac only and not in the aqueous chamber. ....
Eyelid tumor in equine
In horses, tumors of the skin, eye, and genital system are the most frequent and 80% of eye neoplasms are malignant. Neoplasms of the eyelids and conjunctivae are the most frequent ophthalmic tumors in horses; most are either squamous cell carcinoma or sarcoid. Orbital neoplasms are rare and are usually local extensions of eyelid, conjunctiva, or sinus tumors or systemic neoplasms, including lymphosarcoma. Intraocular neoplasms, usually malignant melanomas are rare. ....
Enucleation of eye
Enucleation is Removal of the globe, third eyelid, conjunctiva and eyelids. It is an irreversible method of treating various disorders of the eye. It is also reserved as a last option to alleviate the pain associated with any eye problem, especially if the eye is blind and of no use to the animal. Indications are severe untreatable trauma, such as a perforated or ruptured eyeball, uncontrollable glaucoma, ocular neoplasm, congenital deformities of the eye and diseases within the eye that have the potential to spread to the rest of the body.
For more details download the attachment. ....
Basic diagnostic techniques in ophthalmology
Ideally the examination is conducted in dim ambient light, preferably in a darkened room or stall, to minimize interfering reflections. Basic diagnostic procedure includes Schirmer tear test, Microbiologic sampling, Retroillumination, Pupillary Light Reflexes, Examination of the anterior segment, Ophthalmoscopy, Tonometry, Normal Intraocular Pressure, Gonioscopy, Seidel test, Jones or fluorescein passage test, Tear film break-up time (TFBUT), Rose Bengal test, Swinging flashlight test, Dazzle reflex, Palpebral reflex, Menace response and Behavioral testing of vision. ....
Dental radiography
Veterinary dentistry is currently undergoing tremendous modernization. The days of having a technician clean tartar visible above the gum line, and “pull the loose teeth” are gone. Practice standards dictate a higher level of oral care for our patients and dental radiology is a vital part of those standards. ....
Cyst
Corneal opacity and Uveitis
Corneal opacity is a disorder of the cornea, the transparent structure on the front of the eyeball, which can cause serious vision problems. Corneal opacity occurs when the cornea becomes scarred. This stops light from passing through the cornea to the retina and may cause the cornea to appear white or clouded over. ....