The word Actinomyces means “ray fungus,” and reflects the general belief at the time that the organism was a fungus. The organism was first isolated from humans in 1891, when Wolff and Israel reported culturing it anaerobically growing only at body temperature. In the 1960s, Waksman concluded that Actinomyces was actually a gram-positive bacteria.
Actinomyces bovis causes lumpy jaw in cattle. Actinomyces israelii is primarily associated with chronic granulomatous infections in humans, but has also been isolated rarely from pyogranulomatous lesions in pigs and cattle.
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